Indo-Pacific Ancient Ecosystems Group

Keywords:

Abstract:

A total of 206 species of azooxanthellate Scleractinia are listed from the PhilippineIndonesian region, 176 of which are reported as new records. The newly reported specimens originate primarily from the MUSORSTOM 13 and KARUBAR expeditions, but also include specimens collected by the "Albatross", Danish Expedition to the Kei Islands, SNELLIUS 2 Expedition, "Galathea", Mortensen's JavaSouth Africa Expedition, "Hakuho Maru", "Siboga" CORINDON 2, and ESTASE 2 expeditions as well as some others. In all, approximately 15,600 specimens from some 640 stations are reported, the new records including the description of 26 new species and 3 new genera. Also, 4 new combinations and 1 new name are proposed (Caryophyllia crosnieri for C. elongata Cairns, 1993, non Duncan, 1873). The distribution and bathymetric ranges of the 206 species known from the combined PhilippineIndonesian region are tabulated. 157 azooxanthellate species are now known from the Philippine Islands, with highest local diversities off Lubang Island (69 species) and the Sulu Archipelago (66 species). 174 species are known from the Indonesian region, the region with the highest diversity being the Banda Sea (138 species), specifically the Kai Islands (125 species). To a large degree, these high levels of diversity reflect the intensity of sampling effort. 65 (or 31.5%) of the PhilippineIndonesian species also occur in the Indian Ocean; 77 species (or 37%) off Japan; 67 species (or 32.5%) in the Australia and New Zealand region; and 47 species (or 23%) among the other western Pacific Islands. Only 11 of these species (or 5.3%) occur as far east as continental eastern Pacific, and 11 also occur in the Atlantic Ocean. These corals occur from 0 to 2570 m, the deepest being Flabellum conuis. The highest diversity of species (123 species) has been found in the 200400 m depth range. The first example of sweeper tentacles in a deepwater coral is reported for Madrepora arbuscula. Examples of commensal/symbiotic relationships are reported to occur with petrarcid ascothoracidan crustaceans (6 coral hosts), acrothoracican cirripede crustaceans (4 coral hosts), eunicid polychaetes (4 coral hosts), and lumbrinerid polychaetes (11 coral hosts). Several cases of epifauna living on live corals are the brachiopod Discradisca stella and the gastropod Malluvium sp. attached to Truncatoflabellum mortenseni, and a stalked suberitid sponge growing on Truncatoflabellum paripavoninum.Madracis asanoi, Madracis sp. cf. M. pharensis, Madracis sp. A, Fungiacyathus (Fungiacyathus) stephanus, Fungiacyathus (F.) paliferus, Fungiacyathus (Bathycyactis) sibogae, Fungiacyathus (B.) granulosus, Fungiacyathus (B.) variegatus, Fungiacyathus (B.) turbinolioides, Fungiacyathus (B.) fissidiscus, Leptopenus sp. A, Leptepsammia formosissima, Leptepsammia superstes, Rhombopsammia niphada, Rhombopsammia squiresi, Stephanophyllia fungulus, Stephanophyllia neglecta, Stephanophyllia complicata, Culicia stellata, Madrepora oculata, Madrepora arbuscula, Madrepora minutiseptum, Cyathelia axillaris, Neohelia sp. cf. N. porcellana, Anthemiphyllia dentata, Anthemiphyllia frustum, Caryophyllia (C.) diomedeae, Caryophyllia (C.) crosnieri, Caryophyllia (C.) secta, Caryophyllia (C.) lamellifera, Caryophyllia (C.) transversalis, Caryophyllia (C.) rugosa, Caryophyllia (C.) octonaria, Caryophyllia (C.) hawaiiensis, Caryophyllia (C.) quadragenaria, Caryophyllia (C.) scobinosa, Caryophyllia (C.) cornulum, Caryophyllia (C.) ambrosia, Caryophyllia (C.) grandis, Caryophyllia (A.) gryi, Caryophyllia (A.) dentata, Caryophyllia (A.) spinigera, Caryophyllia (A.) spinicarens, Caryophyllia (A.) karubaica, Caryophyllia (A.) unicristata, Premocaythus dentiformis, Crispatotrochus rubescens, Crispatotrochus rugosus, Labyrinthocyathus sp. A., Trochocyathus (T.) caryophylloides, Trochocyathus (T.) rhombocolumna, Trochocyathus (T.) maculatus, Trochocyathus (T.) philippinensis, Trochocyathus (T.) semperi, Trochocyathus (T.) apertus, Trochocyathus (T.) burchae, Trochocyathus (T.) cooperi, Trochocyathus (T.) gardineri, Trochocyathus (T.) discus, Trochocyathus (Aplocyathus) brevispina, Trochocyathus (A.) longispina, Tethocyathus virgatus, Bourneotrochus stellulatus, Paracyathus rotundatus, Paracyathus sp., Stephanocyathus (S.) regius, Stephanocyathus (Acinocyathus) spiniger, Stephanocyathus (A.) explanans, Stephanocyathus (Odontocyathus) weberianus, Ericiocyathus echinatus, Deltocyathus vaughani, Deltocyathus philippinensis, Deltocyathus stella, Deltocyathus andamanicus, Deltocyathus suluensis, Deltocyathus rotulus, Deltocyathus magnificus, Conotrochus funicolumna, Conotrochus brunneus, Lochmaeotrochus oculeus, Aulocyathus recidivus, Paraconotrochus zeidleri, Desmophyllum dianthus, Dactylotrochus cervicornis, Asterosmilia marchadi, Thalamophyllia tenuescens, Rhizosmilia robusta, Rhizosmilia sagamiensis, Rhizosmilia elata, Phyllangia papuensis, Sympodangia albatrossi, Colangia moseleyi, Coenosmilia arbuscula, Goniocorella dumosa, Confluphyllia, Confluphyllia juncta, Conocyathus zelandiae, Endocyathophora laticostata, Alatotrochus rubescens, "Cryptotrochus" venustus, Notocyathus venustus, Notocyathus conicus, Notocyathus venustus, Notocyathus conicus, Deltocyathoides orientalis, Peponocyathus minimus, Peponocyathus folliculus, Tropidocyathus lessonii, "Tropidocyathus" pileus, "Tropidocyathus" labidus, Idiotrochus kikutii, Thrypicotrochus multilobatus, Guynia annulata, Flabellum (F.) pavoninum, Flabellum (F.) magnificum, Flabellum (F.) patens, Flabellum (F.) lamellulosum, Flabellum (F.) politum, Flabellum (Ulocyathus) deludens, Flabellum (U.) marenzelleri, Flabellum (U.) japonicum, Flabellum (U.) hoffmeisteri, Flabellum (U.) messum, Flabellum (U.) sp., Flabellum (U.) sexcostatum, Flabellum (U.) conuis, Polymyces wellsi, Rhizotrochus typus, "Rhizotrochus" flabelliformis, Gardineria philippinensis, Gardineria paradoxa, Javania insignis, Javania lamprotichum, Javania pachytheca, Javania sp., Truncatoflabellum spheniscus, Truncatoflabellum aculeatum, Truncatoflabellum candeanum, Truncatoflabellum incrustatum, Truncatoflabellum irregulare, Truncatoflabellum paripavoninum, Truncatoflabellum formosum, Truncatoflabellum pusillum, Truncatoflabellum dens, Truncatoflabellum phoenix, Truncatoflabellum mortenseni, Truncatoflabellum angustum, Blastotrochus nutrix, Placotrochides scaphula, Placotrochus laevis, Balanophyllia carinata, Balanophyllia stimpsonii, Balanophyllia desmophyllioides, Balanophyllia cornu, Balanophyllia gemma, Balanophyllia parvula, Balanophyllia crassiseptum, Balanophyllia rediviva, Balanophyllia gigas, Balanophyllia serrata, Balanophyllia generatrix, Balanophyllia imperialis, Endopachys grayi, Endopachys bulbosa, Leptopsammia stokesiana, Leptopsammia crassa, Endopsammia philippensis, Rhizopsammia verrilli, Rhizopsammia nuda, Eguchipsammia gaditana, Eguchipsammia wellsi, Cladopsammia echinata, Dendrophyllia sp. cf. D. ijimai, Dendrophyllia arbuscula, Dendrophyllia alcocki, Enallopsammia pusilla, Enallopsammia rostrata, Tubastraea micranthus, Tubastraea diaphana, Tubastraea coccinea.

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